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4 sheets-sheet `1. L. B. WHITE.

PLOW.

(No'Model.) 4 sheet-@sheet 2.

L. B. WHITE.

PLUW.

Patented Apr. 6, 1886.

N. PETERS, Pmwuhngnpmr. vlamingen. n. ci

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(NoModel.) A

L. B. WHITE.

PLOW.

Patented Apr. 6, 1886.

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Htqeses MDW (No Model.) 4 sheets-sheet 4. L. B. WHITE.

PLOW.

Patentd Apr. 6, 1886..

WltqeSSeS.

hom u UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.

LEwIs E. WHITE, or NORFOLK, VIRGINIA. l

PLOW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Leners Patent No. 339.5011 dated April s,1886. Application tiled November 6, 1895. Serial No. 182,035. (Xomodel.)

To all whoml it may concern.' l The' beam A is provided with the handlesBe it known that l, LEWIS B. vVHITE, a B and standard G, the latterhaving the moldcitizen of the United States, residing at Norboard D,share E, and landsidc or heel F. 55

folk, in the county of Norfolk and State of While my improvements areshown in Fig.

Virginia, have invented certain new and u se- 1 as applied to a singleturning-plow, it is ful Improvements in Flows; and I do declare evidentthat they are equally applicable to a the following to be a full, clear,and exact dedouble turning-plow, as shown in Fig. 13. scription oftheinvention, such as will enable The first part of my invention relates tothe 60 others skilled in the art to which it appertains construction ofthe standard and its combina- 1c to make and use the same, referencebeing tion with the beam and the devices employed had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the to eii'ect the various adjustments ofthe beam letters and figures of reference marked thererelatively to thestandard. The standard is on, which form a part of this specification.expanded at its upper end, to afford a better 65 This invention consistsin the construction and more positive connection with the beam,

and operation of the several parts hereinafter and is vprovided withfront and rear bearings,

described, and pointed out in the claims. a a', to which the beam isattached.,

'In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective To reduce the weight of thestandard, it is of a single turn-plow, showing a part of Iny cast withthe central portion between the 70 improvements. Fig. 2isa brace-rod forholdbearings removed, so that the said bearings zo ing the, handles.Figs. 3 and 4 are views of stand up like two arms and form the pointsreverse sides ot' my improved standard. Figs. of attachment of thestandard with the beam.

5 and 6 Ishow modified forms of beam-rests. Projected from the innerface of the stand- Fig. 7 is a front edge view of the upper end ard,slightly to the rear of the front bearing, 75 of the standard applied tothe beam. Fig. 8 a, and in a plane lower than the point of atis a topplan view of the standard and beam. tachment of the arm with the beam,is a beam- Fig. t) is a view of the under side ot' thebeam, rest, P,which is the t'ulcrnm upon which the the standard being in section.Figs. 10 and beam tilts or moves laterally in its varied ad- 11 show theratchet-slide. Fig. 12 is my imv justments. The upper surface of therest may 8O proved adjusting-wedge. Fig. 13 is a rear` be sloped topresent but a single element vto 3o elevation ofa double turn-plowhavinga part contact with the under side of the beam, and of myimprovement-s attached thereto. Figs. form the line about which the beamturns, or 14 and 15 are detail views of the sweep-stock. it may curve orslope gradually in opposite Fig. 16 is a side View of the lower end ofthe directions, presenting a curved or conical ont. 85 standard. Fig. 17is my improved sweep. line', so that a-diii'erent portion ofthe restwill Fig. 1S is my improved share, partly in seecontact with the beam,according to the adjusttion. Fig. 19 showsfthe under side of a rement ofthe latter. lThe bearingsaa are slotmovablemold-board. Fig. 20 isaperspective ted, as shown, or they may be provided with of one of thebreasts of the standard. Fig. a series of openings. These slots oropenings 90 21 is my improved bolt for plows. Fig. 22 a* a? are arrangedonthe arcs offcircles, ot'

I 4o shows the elongated socket in the breast and' which the surface ofor point of contact on a bolt slipped into the elongation. Fig. 23 thebeam-rest is the center. This construcis the sweep and its stock madeintegral. tion throws the upper ends of the slots'nearerv Fig. 24 showsin section amold-board or other together and their lower ends widerapart, so 95 removable piece attached to the breast by a that theadjustment of the beam vertically is bolt. Figs. 25 and 26 are detailsto show the by a tilting movement, by which one end .must

. form of socket on the mold-board or removabel raised in order to lowerthe other end.

' ble piece. Figs. 27, 28, and 29 are detail The slots are preferablycurved, so that a views of myimprovedlandside'or heel. Figs. niceradjustment is secured; but they could 10o 3 0 and 31- are detail viewsof modified forms be made straighi andthe same adjustments ofthelandside or heel, and Fig. 32 is a de-v secured. l Y y tail of thestandardwith various adjustments .The standard is secured to the beam bybolts of thesweep indicated in dotted lines thereon; 'orrstuds c'lb'passiug through the slotted bearally to the standard,

\ manipulation of the nal movement, and

`from dropping down when the beam is loosings a c', respectively, andthrough the beam. To effect an adjustment of the beam, the nuts' on theends of the bolts o2 b2 are slackened, when the beam supported on therest l? may be partially turned about the same, giving thereto a seesawor tilting motion, and when the proper adjustment has been made thelbeam may be fixed by turning home the nuts previously slackened, whenthe bearings of the standard will be clamped tightly to the beam. Theinner face of these bearings may be rougheued or provided with teeth, torender more positive the binding action of the bolts, and prevent theaccidental slipping of the beam.

To more securely hold the beam to the standard and prevent itsdisplacement, and guard against its leaving its rest when beingadjusted, abolt, c, passes vertically through the beam and through anopening, p, in the beam-rest. Said bolt holds the beam down, andrelieves the strain on the bolts c' b2 and their respective bearings,and also prevents the beam from splitting at the point weakened by thetransverse hole for the bolt ci.

By the use of the two bolts, as described, the beam is secured bothvertically and laterthe points of attachment between the two areincreased, and the beam, whenever adjusted and the nuts on the boltscrewed home, has greater firmness and stability given to its positionthan is given by the ordinary methods.

For the purpose of adjusting the beam laterally one of the bearings ofthe standard is beveled or inclined on its inner face at an angle to thelength of the beam, and awedge having one side correspondingly inclinedis inserted Ibetween the bearing and the beam. As access' can be had tothe forward bearing, a., with greater facility than to the rear, it ispreferred to have lthe inner face thereof inclined to the beam andthewedge inserted between it and the beam. rlhe wedge has a longitudinalslot, q, to permit the passage of the bolt cifand a handle or lug,Q,'projecting lat-- erally therefrom, to afford a means for the easywedge when adjusting the same. The slot in the wedge is closed at bothends, so that it cannot drop oil' the bolt when the beam is loosened forpurposes of adjustment or when it works loose while at work. lt is thusat the place where it is used, and its loss is prevented. A lip oriiange, q', pro- 'ecting from the upper edge of the wedge in a directionopposite the handle Q', rests on the upper side of the beam and acts asa guide, to give proper direction to the wedge during its adjustments orwhen first inserted in place. This auge serves a triple purpose-namely,as a strengthening-rib to give greater durability to the wedge, as aguide in its longitudias a support to prevent it eiied. In' order 'fdentally displaced when once adjusted to a that the wedge may not beacci,-v

proper position during the adjustment of the beam to the standard, thewedge is provided -with a tooth. or point, qi, to engage one of a seriesof grooves, a2, formed in the arm or `bearing on the side adjacent tothe inclined side of the wedge. These grooves are located, preferably,above the curved slot af; but they may be located below or on eitherside of the slot ai, and they maybe straight or slightly curved, asdesired. The grooves may be made on the wedge and the tooth be on thestandard-bearing. The rear bearing, a', is provided on its inner sidewith a curved guideway, a3, which may be either countersunk in the armor raised therefrom. The latter is desirable, as it strengthens the armand forms a rib on either side of and encompasses the slot a5. Thisguideway is eurved'on the arc 'of a circle having its center in thebeam-rest or in the vertical bolt c6. A corresponding ratchet-slide, b,is interposed between the bearing and beam and fits the guideway. Theslide is provided with side flanges, a, to embrace and fit the sides ofthe guideway. These flanges serve to facilitate the adjustment givestrength to the'slide. A lip or rest, b', extending laterally from thelower edge of the slide tits against the lower side of the beam, and abolt, b, passes vertically through this lip and through the beam, andholds the guide in place, and prevents the beam from splittin g. Thebolt b2, which extends through the slot in the rear arm and transverselylthrough the beam, passes through the opening b4 in the slide. By reasonof the bolt b3 the slide will not drop from its'place when the bolt ZFis slackened to adjust the beam. The friction between the contactingsurfaces of the slide and guideway will, when the parts are tightly,clamped by the bolt, ordinarily hold the beam in an adjusted position;but for greater security, and to render the binding action morepositive, it is preferred to provide the one with a series of teeth andthe other with a single tooth, or both may be provided with a seriesprovide the guideway with a series of teeth, al, and the slide with asingle tooth, 1f', to engage the spaces between the teeth of theguideway.

It will be understood that to the effective operation and lateraladjustment of the draft end of the beam the latter is arranged to standoff from the standard, so that a space (marked es) intervenes, as shownin Figs. S and.9.

be noticed that the beam-rest P ycurves rearwardly and outwardly fromthe standardon its forward edge, thus forming a fender which throws ofi'weeds, dsc., and prevents the clogging of the plow. The beam-rest yfillsup, for

would otherwise be formed between the beam and the bearing or side ofthe standard. As the draft endof the 11mm is adjusted laterally, it isfound advantageous to make the faceof the slide next the beam slightlyconvex, in' order to avoid any .binding on the corners of Havingreference to Figs. 4 and 7, it will.

of the beam and i roo I of teeth; but in practice it is found best toall practical purposes, the gap and angle which..

the guide. The slide will have a slight rocking or oscillating movementupon its retainingbolt b3. The opening b* for the transversebolt shouldbe centrally located between the edges ofthe slide, or so located as topass through the apex of its eonvexed face.

While I have shown the beam-rest as made integral with the standard zandslotted longitudinally to permit the lateral adj ustment-of the beam, itis manifest that the rest may project laterally from thc v beam and passthrough an opening in the standard. This may be accomplished i'n variousways, one of which is to provide the bolt co with a lateral arm, asshown in Fig. 5. In this casethe-bolt will be fixed relatively to thebeam, and in the lateral adjustment thereof the arm c7 ofthe bolt willslide in or ont through the opening C (indicated in dotted lines) in thestandard. Another way is to provide the bolt c with another leg, makinga double or twin bolt, (see Fig. 6,) the lower portion of which passesthrough the opening in the standard, the additional leg being designedto come on the outside ofthe standard. The ends of the twin bolt areunited by a yoke and nuts screwed down on the yoke to clamp the boltsecurely in place. Y 1

NVhile I prefer to have the lateral projection P, as shown, so that itserves as a beam-rest, yet it can be located at a lower point on thestandard, (indicated by dotted lines at P', Fig. 4,) where it will serveto hold the bolt c and permit both vertical and lateral adjustment ofthe beam, but if so located the adjustment of the beam would bemoredifiicult, for while being adjusted the weight thereof would have to besustained by the hands. By locating the lng so that it projectsimmediately under the bea-m, as shown, it serves as a fulerum on whichthe beam tilts, and also as a fender to throw off trash. It will beclearly understood from the foregoing desciiption, and by reference tothe drawings, that I have provided a plow-standard in which there areslotted bearings adapted to take vertical and transverse bolts,adaptedto hold and permit vertical and lateral adj ustment of the beam, and atthe same time the said beam is held with greater iirmness than it couldbe held by the ordinary arrangement of the bolts. The vertical andtransverse bolts, arranged as I have them, coact and brace each other,so that the strain thereon is reduced to a minimum.

The lower end of the standard is mortised to provide a seat, d, toreceive the wing e of the share E and the landside or heel F. Themortise may be dispensed with, as will hereinafter appear. At the frontend of the seat or mortise a groove, d', is eut toreceiveaprojection,feather, or rib formed "u the side of the wing of theshare.

Instead of forming a groove, be cut or rib d', a slot could would itunder the edge thus formed;

or, if preferred, the small. portion of the stand- `rib could be formededge through the standard, and the feather ard below thev groove could.be entirely removed. I prefer to make the standard, as shown, with agroove. At'the rear end of the seat d a series of grooves, d", areformed,

which are deepest attheir rear ends and run out to. nothing at theirforward ends. They are formed and arranged so as to converge at theirforward ends. They receive the side flange of the heel or landside F,hereinafter more particularly described. ranged bolt holes are formedthrough the standard, as shown, to permit the attachment of the severalparts of the plow. A The share E (shown in Fig. l as made for a singleturn-plow and in Fig. 18 as made for a double turn-plow) has thedepending wing e adapted to slide alongside the standard and into theseat d. It has on its side a rib or feather, e', which fits into thegroove-channel d on the side of the standard.. If the stand ard shouldbe formed with a slot or be cut away, as hereinbefore indicated, the ribor feather e would project below the edge thus formed. The object ofthiszconstruction is to provide a means on theadjacent sides of the wingand standard which will interlock when the said sides are broughttogether; nor is it necessaryr that the rib be on the share and thegroove or channelhe on the standard. The on the standard and the groovebe in thewing. I preferto make them as shown, because the groove, ifformed in the wing.would tend to weaken this part'and render it moreliable to break. The rib or feather formed as shown adds greatly to thestrength of the wing. I make the channel d tapering from its forward toits rear end, and form the rib correspondingly, so that the latter willslide more readily into the former, and better fitting of the partstogether is secured. The rear end of the wing of the share is providedwith a curved lrecess or seat at e2, in which the end of the heel orlandside fits snugly and turns, as hereinafter explained.

My improved heel orlandside F is made preferably so that.it may beinverted; but it Suitably art I'IO has novel features which do notdepend upon its capability of being inverted.

In Figs. 27, 23, and 29 the heel or landside is shown in its details ofconstruction, whereby it is rendered invertible. The landside is. maderounded at its forward end,'so that it tits snuglyinto the curved recessin the rear end. of the wing of the share and turns therein, so asalways to preserveaclose joint. Both sides of the landside are straightand parallelone with the other in cross-section. It may be made, ifdesired, thinner at its front end and gradually increase in thicknessthroughout its entire length; but, having both sides made alike, it maybe inverted, soas to turn the worn edge to the upper side and the unworndown to the ground.- It pivots by its:

front end onabolt, and its rear end is`held IIS and adjusted by anotherb'olt passingthrough `an elongated hole, d3, in the standard.

By hav-ing,thelendside-heel abut against' the wing of the 4share I do'away with -the usual intervening metal projection on the standard. Thisintervening projection formed in ordinary plows is subject to Wear thesame as the landside or heel. Vhen wornhand a y"new landside or heel beput on, an uneven surface is made which increases the resistance anddraft.

In my device I am enabled to'always preserve an even surface. Thelandside or heel is formed preferably with two flanges, 'F F, on itsopposite edges and pro` jeeted in oppositedrectious.- These flanges arewidest at their rear ends and taper gradually to nothing. They extendnearly to the front end of the landside, and are sharpened,

.so as to fit snugly into one ofthe channels on the side of thestandard. The under sides of the anges are sloped upward, so as to tit acorresponding upward slope on the under side of the channel di. Thiscorrespondence inthe said slopes causes the landside to slide into snugposition against the side'of the standard. Both edges being alike, thelandside may be inverted, as hereinbefore indicated. The

- of with the teeth on the side thereof.

Two methods may be provided for interlocking the landside when made asshown in Fig. 3l. One is to form a small teat or lug on the side of thelandside, which would engage in any one of a series of small holes ordepressions formed inthe side of the standard. The other is to form aseries of notches in the rear edgeof the standard-heel, as shown in Fig.4, and have a small lug or catch provided on the side of the landside,or adapt the front end vof the cnt-away iiauge, Fig. 3l, to engage inone or the other of the said heel-notches; but these two latter methodsare not desirable, because the teats vor lugs are liable to be worn off,and b ecause in a manner unserviceable,'and thereby throw the wholestrain of holding the landside on the rear retaining-bolt. I prefer ltomake the flanges as shown in Fig. 28 and hereinbefore described, becausethe wear of the cdgeof the landside does not wholly destroy theinterlocking feature of the iange.

. The rear ends of the edges of the landside are slightlyv curved towardeach other, as shown at F2, Fig. 28. This is done to prevent ,any sharpcorners from striking the earth when the landside is adj usted downward.A smooth and longer bearing-surface is presented and lies on the groundin whatever adjustment may be given to the landsidc.V

I prefer to make the landside Vor heel with f 4its rear bolt-opening;F3, placed nearer one edge' than the other, andl when first put'inposit-ion to turn the wider edge down. Then,

` .l "f when the lower ed gc'iswern,thel bolt-opening vretaining-bolt.

Winy te about mathe middle nu@ and the nner` side can be inverted, asherenbefore eX- .7 plained. 7o

The heel or landside hereinbefore described is applicable to any kind ofa plow,whether -it have a single mold-board, as shown in Fig. 13.

I prefer to make the standard .with a wing or wings, g,'formed andvadaptedto supportgthe 75 share or mold-board or moldboa'rds, accordingi. j

to their number andV location. 1Eacl`1 wiug'is provided with asocket,-g, adapted to receivea. corresponding projection, D', on therearside of the share or mold-board.' The socket 8o 'is formed with anextension, g2, and a slot or elongated bolt-opening, g3, is eut throughthe breast from the bottom of the socket and its extension, as shown inFig. 23,'and'in Fig. 20,

where 'the under side of the breast is shown.- 85

The purpose of this construction is, that the` mold-beard may be takenoff without removing the retaining-bolt. By loosening the nut the,retainingbolt can be slipped into the elongation g2,which will take-thehead out ofthe slot- 9o ted lug or projection D on the mold-board, andthus permit the latter to be lifted oil the wing.

The lug or projection D is provided with a socket or recess, D, toreceive the head'of the The recess is preferably closed 59 5 at one end,though this is not necessary for the single purpose of securing thepartsto- -gether; but for greater strength and durability the inner endis closed, and the saidinner end, D, of the recess is extendedA under10o the metal which closes the said end. The extension of the inner endof the recess under the metal forms an o'verhanging ledge, D, un-

vhead ot the bolt is supported on the inner end and in the two sides,thus giving to it a threef fold support, which prevents the breaking ofthe sides of the projection.

The recess may be formed to receive an orno dinary rectangularbolt-head; but I prefer to make it with sloping sides,.as shown, andthehead of the bolt is sloped correspondingly.

The recess is also tapered from its open to its inner end, so that thesaid inner end is nar- 115 rower transversely than thesaid open end.This construction is shown in Fig. 25.

The bolt, adapted 4to the hereinbefore-de-- scribed tapered recess, isshown at D, Fig. 21.

The head is'elongated and narrower at one 12o` end than at its otherend, and has its sides and inner ends of its outer face beveled, asshown,

to correspond with the slope of the sides and end of the recess D".Ifthe recess Dvwere straight and not tapered froni its outer to its 12 5inner end,a rectangular head on the belt would slide thereinto; but evenwith a straight recess I prefer to use the tapered head,for it will thenslide past any projections, roughness, or lother shown gives morebearing or alongerbearingf hence the metal on the sides ot` the socketisf not so liable to 'pulfleff under the Strain. The 1 wedge-shaped ortapered head can be driven into the tapered or other formed socket andmake a closer t, and will hold tighter than the rectangular head in asocket having parallel sides.

In Fig. 13 two sweeps and their stocks are shown arranged on oppositesides of the standard, and held with capability of adjustmentindependently of each other.

Both sweeps being alikein construction and operation, the description ofone will ausweifor the other.

Each sweep is provided with a stock or shank, which lies against and ismovable on the side of the standard.

l prefer to make each sweep and its stock in separate pieces; but theymay be made integral. The sweeps in their adjustment relatively to thestandard are not dependent upon their being movable on their stocks.

I prefer to make each sweep in two parts-'- namely, the sweep-blade anda stock or shankwhereby the blade is held in place on the standard.

My sweeps have three adjustments: first, they may be raised or loweredin a vertical plane; second, they may be turned pivotally to any pitchor angle on their bolt-fastening without moving the latter, and, third,they may be set forward or back, so as to bring them nearer to orfarther from the mold-board. In the first and second of theseadjustments a single bolt may be used to hold both sweeps, and each ofthe latter may be adjusted independently `ot` each other withoutchanging the position of the bolt. In the third adjustment, if both beheld by the same bolt both must be moved together, but they may beseparately by employing another bolt.

I will describe the construction of one of the sweeps. The sweep-stock Sis constructed with a shank, S', which lies against the side of thestandard. It is provided with a slot, S2, through which theretaining-bolt C' is put. The bolt passes through one of aseries ofholes or through aslot in the standard. On the inner side of the shankof the stock a series of teeth, S, are formed and arranged on oppositesides of the slot S, and are adapted to engage lugs on the standard. Asweep-supporti ng arm, S4, projects from the lower end of the shank S,and is provided near its inner end with a curved shoulder, S5,concentric with the bolt-hole SG. A small conical or other formed tooth,Sl, is projected from the arm, and is adapted to engage the sweep T, andholds the latter in any desired adj ust-ment, as hereinafter described.

The standard, in order to permit the attachment and adjustment of thesweep, is provided with a series of bolt-holes, C2, arranged preferablyin a straight line from front to rear. Instead of holes a slot, asindicated in dotted lines, could be used. On opposite sides of the boltholes or slot lugs Cl are formed. These lugs may be of any desiredshape; but I prefer to make them oval or diamond shaped, as

this shape gives more bearing when making the desired adjustments. Theteeth on the sweep-stock engage on the lugs and prevent the sweeplfromturninf. The sweepstock may be rotated on the retaining-boltwithout changing the position of the latter and set at different angles,whereby the pitch of the sweep is changed. The lugs C3 could be formedon the shank of the sweep-stock, and the teeth of sweep-stock could beformed on the standard. Again, instead of the teeth and lugs, as shown,depressions or sockets could be formed in one part adapted to receiveprojections formed on the other part. By the use of the lugs the nut-onthe bolt C need not be drawn down tightly. The sweepstock could be heldby the bolt and its nut without the aid ot' the lugs by turning the nuton very tightly; but I prefer the lugs and teeth, as shown. If the lugswere made rectangular in form, the sweepstock could be adjusted to alimited extent, as hereinbefore de scribed. f

To secure the greatest desired adjustment and bearing, I form elongatedlugs having an oval or diamond shape. By such form I secure aconsiderable length of bearing-surface, and at the same time the angleor slope of the sides permits all adjustment necessary. A round lugwould give fair but not perfect results. The sweep T has its inner end,T', made plane on both sides, so that either side may be placed on andiit snugly to the upper face of the arm S. It can be inverted or turnedover so as to bring either side to the front, or it can be used on thesweep-stock on the other side of the standard. It is also curved on itsend concentric with its bolt-hole T", and tits snugly against theshoulder S5 on the sweep-stock. It

may be turned on its bolt and set at different angles, so as to raise orlower the outer end. A series of holes, T3, arranged in the arc of acircle concentric with the bolt T2, is formed in the sweep, and in suchlocation as to engage upon the tooth S7. These holes may be madeentirely through the sweep, or may be made only part way through. Whenmade part way through, holes on the opposite sides will be made. Insteadof the single-pointed tooth and the holes, as described, there may beemployed the well-known radial teeth on one of the parts, adapted toengage in the corresponding depressions on the other part, such as areshown in former patents granted to me. I prefer to use the conical-shaped tooth and form the holes entirely through the sweep. The holeswill necessarily get filled with dirt.

If the holes were only part way through, the

sweep would have to be entirely removed from the stock and the dirtremoved before a different adjustment could be made. In the constructionshown the dirt will be pushed out of the hole by the pointed tooth, sothat it is not necessary to take the sweep off the stock to make newadjustments. The sweep is concavo-convex in cross-sectlon, as shown atT, Fig. 17. The sw'eep being invertible, so that IOO IIO

either of its faces may be presented to thefront, it is adapted to do agreater variety of work than any-of the ordinary sweeps.

greatly stirred. If the concave side be to the front, the earth will belifted in such a manner as to cause it to be greatly disintegrated andstirred, and moved with more force to supply the plant cultivated withmore earth. Again, it often occurs that the earth should be moredisintegrated at the middle of the space between two rows of plants thannext the row, or vice versa..

One of the sweeps can be removed and inverted in a very brief time, andthe plow be prepared to do the two different kinds of work. These sweepsare not only invertible, but are also reversible, and may be used oneither sweep-stock.

When both sweep-stocks are putin place, as in Fig. 13, the heel orlandside stands between them, or, rather, between one of them and thestandard. Il' the landside should be a plain straight bar without sideprojections, it could be moved up or down without disturbing the sweepnext it. fhen constructed with the side flanges, it could be adjusted byiirst loosening the bolt which holds the stock, and then turning thelatter out of the way, to permit t-he requisite side movement of thelandside to disengage the interlocking means.

I have shown the standard mortised at its lower end to receive the wingof the share and the landside or heel. This is the preferredconstruction', but the standard could be made with a plane face and thelandside and the wing of the share would rest against the same. The endof the landside in either construction fits neatlyinto the concavityinthe end of the wing of the share and makes a close joint. This preventsthe wearing away of the standard between the landside and share, as isthe case in those plows where a portion of the standard intervenesbetween the front end of the landside and the share,as hereinbeforeexplained. The handles B have their lower ends secured to the standardbelow the beam, and are supported by a brace, B', Fig. 2,which has itsend B2 bent downward at an angle and slotted to receive the end of theretaining-bolt c2. The slot permits the bolt to slide upward thereinwhen the beam is adjusted, and at the same time the brace continues itssupport of the handles. It will be seen that the sweeps are not onlyadjustable vertically and to any inclined position,the one independentlyof the other, but that they may be moved to or from the mold-boards,soas to bring them close under the rear edge of the latter or far to therear, so as to give awideintervening space between them and saidmold-board. By using a separate bolt for each sweep one of the lattermay be set close to the mold-board and the other farther to the rear. Ifthe sweep and its stock be made integral, as shown in Fig. 23, it may beinverted by turning the shank downward and reversing the sweep to theopposite side of the standard. Such an adjustment permits the sweep tobe set in a higher position,which is often desirable. The same-change ofposition may be given to the adjustable sweep and its stock.

By means of the slot or series of holes Carranged on an incline upwardand backward from the share or mold-board, the sweep or sweeps may bemoved backward and upward without changing the pitch thereof,as is donein my Patent No. 120,076, June 16, 1872. The different pitch for thesweep is secured by turning its stock pivotally on its bolt. Theseadjustments adapt the sweep to carry more or less earth, as may bedesired, and cut near to or far from the bottoni of the furrow.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, with the standard having frontand rearbeam-supports, one or both of which are extended vertically alongside ofthe'beam, of a vertically-tilting beam secured to and having its fulcrumor center of motion located between the beam-supports, and a bolt orfastening arranged at the tilting-pointer center of motion, whereby thebeam is securely held at said point or center, substantially as setforth.

2. The combination, with the standard provided with front and rearbeam-supports slotted inversely to each other, and having a beam rest orfulcrum projected laterally under the beam and arranged between thebeam-supports, of a beam arranged alongside thc beamsupports and tiltingon the intermediate beamrest, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination ofthe beam, the standard projected along the sidethereof, and a wedge adjustably inserted between the side of the beamand the standard, said wedge having a flange to extend over and restupon the upper side of the beam, substantially as and for the purposesset forth.

4. The combination of a standard having front and rear bearings, and abeam-rest laterally projected therefrom between thc bearings, a beamresting on said beam-rest and against the bearings, bolts passedtransversely through the beam and bearings, and a bolt extendingvertically through the beam and beanirest.

5. The combination of the standard having front and rear bearings, and abeam-rest projected laterally therefrom, a bolt passed verticallythrough the beam and beam-rest, and a bolt passed transversely throughthe beam and the standard-beari ng.

6. The combination of the standard having front and rear bearings, and alaterally-projecting beam-rest, a beam supported on said rest and freeto have a pivotal and lateral adjustment thereon, and bolts to securethe beam vertically and laterally to the standard, sub` stantiall y asdescribed.

7. In combination, the standard having a IOC lateral stud, a beampivotally secured to and supported by the stud, a wedge adjustablyinterposed between the standard and beam, to adj ust the latterlaterally, and bolts passed transversely through the beam and standardiLoo bind the parts together, substantially as set orth.

8. The combination of the standard having front and rear bearings, oneor both of which are provided with raised guideways, the beam,

and a guide having lateral flanges to embrace and fit the sides of theguideway, substantially as set forth.

9. The combi nation ofthe standard, the beam vertically adjustable, awedge interposed between the beam and standard and adjustable verticallyand horizontally, 'the standard and wedge being provided withapproximatelyvertical grooves formed in the one and an iuterlockingtooth or teeth formed on the other.

10. In a plow, a standard provided with a front bearing,and with a rearsupport or bearing, a beam pivot-ally adjustable, a transverse bolt forsecuring` the beam to the front bearing, a vertical bolt held in thestandard and passed through the beam at the pivotal center thereof, andmeans for pivotally adjusting the beam.

1l.. The combination, with a beam having a vertical oscillating ortilting movement, of a standard having bearings arranged in front andrear of t-he center of motion of the beam, and provided with curvedguideways or slots having their centers in the center of motion of thebeam. h

12. In a plow, a vertically-tilting beam, in combination with a standardextending alongside thereof, and provided with a slotted arm to supportand form the fulcrum about which the beam tilts, a bolt passingvertically through the slotted arm and beam, to hold the latter incontact with the arm, and movable laterally with the bea-m when adjustedsidewise, and atransverse bolt to hold the rear edge or portion of thestandard in a nearly-fixed relative position during the lateraladjustment of the beam relative to the forward edge of the standard,substantially as set forth.

13. The combination of the tilting beam, a standard lapped alongsidethereof, a bolt passing transversely through the standard and beam, aguide-bearing interposed between the standard and the side of the beamand provided with a lip lapping upon the beam, and a bolt passingvertically through the lip and beam, to hold the guide-bearing in placeand strengthen the beam against the lateral strain of the transversebolt. substantially as set forth.

14. In a plow, a standard having a front bearing extended upwardalongside the beam, and having a lateral stud or arm integral therewith,and projected below and close to the under side of the beam and curvedor u rounded on its front face, whereby the angle between the beam andstandard is closed,and

the lodgment of trash and foreign substance is prevented, substantiallyas set forth.

15. The herein shown and described wedge, longitudinally slotted, andhaving a iiange or lip projected laterally from its upper edge toguideits movement,substantially as described.

16. In a plow, the combination, with the standard having indentationsformed in the side thereof, near its lower end, of an invertiblelandside having a rib projected from its side to engage one of the saidindentations in the standard, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

17. The combination, with the standard having teeth or indentationsformed therein, of a landside or heel pivoted byits frontend, andprovided with corresponding teeth or corrugations to-interlock withthose of the standard, and an adjusting bolt, substantially as setforth.

18. The combination, with the sta ndard having on its side one or moreteeth, corrugations, or indentations, of a landside pivoted at itsforward end to the standard, and provided with a lateral flange or toothprojected at or near its edge, to engage the toothed or corrugated orindented surface of t-he standard, substantially as set forth.

19. The combination, with the standard having e series of teeth oreorrugations radially formed on its side, of an invertible landsidehaving lips `or [langes of corresponding shape formed on its oppositesides and projected from its opposite edges, and adapted to engage theradially-formed teeth on the standard, and an adjusting-bolt,substantially as set forth.

20. The combination, with the standard and the mold-boards or share, ofthe sweeps secured to the standard and adjustable horizontally to andfrom the mold-board independently of each other, substantially as shownand described.

21. The combination of the standard provided with a bolt hole or slotand having lugs adjacent to said slot, a sweep having a shank againstthe side of the standard and slotted vertically, and provided with aseries of teeth to engage the lugs, and a bolt passing through the slotor hole in the standard and sweepshanlc, whereby the sweep may beadjusted vertically and pivotally on the bolt at one and the sameoperation.

22. The combination of the standard having Va series of openingstherethrough and lugs adjacent to said openings, a sweep on each side ofthe standard and having teeth to interlockwith the lugs, and a boltpassingthrough one of the openings in the standard, to secure the sweepsin place and form the center about which the sweeps have a pivotaladjustment independent of each other, substantially as specified.

23. The combination, with the standard provided with a landside-seatformed in its sides at its lower end and provided with a bolt-holearranged above the said seat, of a sweep-stock IOO ITO

(having its shank slotted) vertically adjustable and held by a suitablebolt to the st-andard,and

--the Alandside pivoted by its forward end within the seat andadjustable vertically at its rear end between the standard and the shankof the sweep-stock, substantially as shown and described.

2li. The combination, with the sweep-stock having a sweep-supporting armprovided with a spur and a bolt-hole, of the reversible and lnvertiblesweep provided with a bolt-hole corresponding to that in the arm, andhaving a series of holes on each side arranged in the are of a circleconcentric with the bolt-hole, and adapted to engage with the spur andpositivelyhold the sweep in its adj usted position, substantially asshown and set forth. 25.. The sweep hereinbefore described, hav-v ingits outer end made concavoconvex and its inner end adapted to bcinverted on its seat, whereby the concave or the convex surface may beturned tothe front, substantially as set forth.

26. The combination, with the standard having .a wing, g, provided withasocket, g', 25 anda renigvableinoldboard or casting having a slottedand recessed pjction, D', formed on its back, the sides o f the recessconverging, of a retaining-bolt having an enlarged head tapered inconformity to the taper of the recess D2 in the projection,substantially as shown, and for the purposes set forth.

27. The combination,with a wing, g, having asocket, g', formed therein,and abolt-opening, g3, cnt through from the bottom of the socket, 35 ofa plow-castinghaving a projection, D', tted into the socket and recessedfor the passage of a bolt, the inner side, D", of the bolt-opening beingsloped inward, and a bolt, D5, having its head correspondingly sloped toengage the inner sloped end, D, of the recessed projec tion,substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I affix my si gnature in presence of two witnesses.

LEWIS B. WHITE.

Witnesses: V

JNO. A. MORGAN, T. B. JACKSON.

